home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Network Working Group Greg Vaudreuil
- Internet Draft Tigon
- Expires 3/17/93 September 17, 1993
-
- Delivery Report Content-Type for use with MIME
-
- 1. Status of this Memo
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working documents of
- the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working
- Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as
- Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated,
- replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate
- to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a
- "work in progress".
-
- 2. Abstract
-
- The memo defines a MIME content type for the return of delivery reports,
- service availability, and receipt notifications. This content type is
- intended to be machine processable while remaining human readable.
-
- 3. Introduction
-
- The current Internet Mail protocol suite is lacking in several features
- necessary to the management of large mailing lists and for error processing
- on behalf of a user. There is no standard error report format which would
- facilitate implementation of user friendly mail interfaces. This content
- type defines a mechanism for delivery reports which is extensible for a range
- of system to user notification services such as read receipt delivery,
- positive delivery acknowledgment, and service non-availability notification.
-
- 3.1. Non-Delivery Notification
-
- The Internet currently provides for error reports, but in a non-standard and
- limited use format. This specification is intended to replace these error
- reports with a more standard mechanism. SMTP provides a standardized status
- reporting system in the use of numeric reply-codes but these are not
- generally made available in the error message mailed to the sender. The SMTP
- error codes do not provide a complete diagnostic record and need to be
- extended for the purposes of delivery reports to include non-SMTP network and
- communications errors which may cause non-delivery.
-
- 3.2. Positive Delivery Notification
-
- The RFC822/MHS mapping standards identify a mechanism for requesting such a
- delivery notification and this specification provides a mechanism to return
- such a request. For the purposes of the Delivery Notification, delivery will
- be considered completed when the message is delivered to the destination
- mailbox.
-
- 3.3 Read Receipt Notification
-
- There is a mechanism specified in the RFC822/MHS documents for requesting a
- read receipt notification. While the specific implementation of such a
- notification has been contentious, this specification provides a mechanism
- for sending such a notification if one is to be implemented. The specific
- meaning of "read" varies by implementation environment and is left undefined.
-
- 3.4 Service Notification
-
- MIME allows the sending of mixed-media messages and in particular messages
- which are not text. There is no specific mechanism for reporting to the
- sender when such a message is deliverable but not readable. In many
- messaging environments, it may be useful to return a message to the sender
- indicating that the specified content-type is unsupported. It is expected
- that this information will be cached, either informally by a human user, or
- by a local directory for use by the user agent. Determination of what is a
- supported and what is an unsupported feature is an implementation issue
-
- 4. Delivery Report Framework
-
- The delivery report mechanism is implemented by defining two new MIME
- content-types, Multipart/Delivery-Report and Application/Delivery-Report.
- The multipart/delivery report is the syntactically the same as a
- multipart/mixed but contains exactly two parts, the first is the
- Application/Delivery-Report and the second is a return of content. If return
- of content is not requested or supported, the Multipart/Delivery Report is
- not needed.
-
- The Application/Delivery-Report contains the specific delivery information,
- such as error reports, read-receipts, and service notifications. This
- content-type is formatted according to the Simple Text Interchange Format and
- contains information for machine processing of the message. STIF Comments
- are permitted where appropriate for human consumption in the absence of an
- application capable of interpreting the error report.
-
- 5. Multipart/Delivery-Report
-
- Mime type name: Multipart
- Mime Sub-Type name: Delivery-Report
- Required Parameters: Boundary
- Optional Parameters: None
- Encoding Considerations: Quoted-Printable and Base-64 are prohibited.
-
- The syntax of a Multipart/Delivery-Report is identical to the Multipart\Mixed
- content type. The Delivery Report always contains two body parts. The first
- body part is an Application/Delivery-Report, defined in a subsequent section
- of this appendix. The second body part may be of any content-type and
- contains the returned message for which the delivery report is defined. The
- returned comment will normally be a message/RFC822.
-
- If an Application/Delivery-Report does not include returned content,
- Multipart/Delivery-Report should not be used.
-
- 6. Application/Delivery-Report
-
- Mime type name: Application
- Mime Sub-Type name: Delivery-Report
- Required Parameters: None
- Optional Parameters: None
- Encoding Considerations: 7bit is always sufficient.
-
- The Application/Delivery-Report body is designed to deliver delivery and
- non-delivery reports, read-receipts, and service notifications. It is
- generally used with a Multipart/Delivery-Report when the original content is
- to be returned to the sender.
-
- The Application/Delivery Report is a series of attribute-value pairs
- formatted as RFC 822 headers. While this body-part is designed to be machine
- parsable, US-ASCII comments are permitted in each line.
-
- Generation of error messages from this error report for user consumption
- should be based on the error code, not the explanatory text. Choice of an
- appropriate language and character set is independent of the error. The
- choice of US ASCII for the explanatory text is based on current practice and
- is expected to be obsoleted by nationalized user interfaces.
-
-
- 6.1. Required Attributes.
-
- o Message-ID: - message id of the message being reported on
-
- o Intended-Recipient - a coma separated list of one or more recipient
- email addresses for which this report applies.
-
- o Delivery-Status - This field indicates whether further delivery attempts
- will be made. (Finished, Continuing)
-
- 6.2 Service Specific Attributes
-
- o Message-Delivered - Time of message delivery
-
- o Message-Not-Delivered - Time of failed attempt
-
- o MTA-Error-Code - Error code returned which caused delivery notification
- to be returned. The set of error codes defined by the SMTP protocol is
- extended to address general network errors.
-
- o Service-Not-Available - MIME content type of service not supported on
- the destination mailbox.
-
- o Message-Read - Time message was read
-
- 6.2. MTA Error Codes
-
- The following non-delivery error codes are available from SNMP for direct
- peer-to-peer networking.
-
- The 400 series of error codes are "soft" failures, indicating that re-try is
- reasonable at a later time.
-
- 421 <domain> Service not available, [This may be a reply to any command if
- the service knows it must shut down]
-
- 450 Requested mail action not taken: mailbox unavailable [E.g., mailbox
- busy]
-
- 451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing
-
- 452 Requested action not taken: insufficient system storage
-
- The 500 series of error codes are "hard" failures, indicating that the
- message should be returned to the sender as undeliverable. The listed
- commands are a subset of the full SNMP diagnostics.
-
- 500 Syntax error, command unrecognized This may include errors such as
- command line too long]
-
- 501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments
-
- 502 Command not implemented
-
- 503 Bad sequence of commands
-
- 504 Command parameter not implemented
-
- 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable, mailbox not found, no
- access
-
- 551 User not local; please try <forward-path>
-
- 552 requested mail action aborted: exceeded storage allocation
-
- 553 Requested action not taken: mailbox name not allowed [E.g., mailbox
- syntax incorrect]
-
- 554 Transaction Failed
- 6.3. Network Error Codes
-
- Often mail transfer failures result from network or transport level
- conditions which are not part of the SMTP protocol. These errors are
- generally made known in current error reports, but need to be assigned
- numeric codes to be used in the Application/Delivery-Report content type. A
- new series of error codes, 6XX is created to report on such failures.
-
- 600 Host unreachable. The network address of the host specified is not
- connected to the MTA.
-
- 610 Network Unreachable. The network the host resides upon is either not
- connected to the MTA.
-
- 620 Hostname does not exist. A non existent destination was provided.
-
- 630 Service not available. SMTP on TCP port 25 is not available.
-
-
- 7. Return of Content
-
- Return of content may be wasteful of network bandwidth and a variety of
- implementation strategies can be used. Generally the sender should choose
- the appropriate strategy and inform the recipient of the required level of
- returned content required. This can be done with the RFC822/MHS header
- "return content". The three values for this field are "none", "full", and
- "initial". The default behavior in the absence of this header varies by
- application and should be set by the MTA.
-
- Return of full content uses significant bandwidth but enables review and
- resending with a different addresses or formats.
-
- Return of content can be provided with caching without using additional
- network bandwidth. Outgoing messages can be cached for a suitable period of
- time, and if a non-delivery, service notification, or read-receipt is
- received, it can be matched with the cached message and presented to the
- user.
-
- Return of a partial message segment may be sent to remind the sender of the
- topic of the message. This saves bandwidth compared with sending the full
- message, but may either not be enough of the message for context or be
- unsuitable for further processing. Handling of partial content is tricky in
- a mixed media environment. Return of partial content may be useless for
- certain content-types. Each content-type has a natural "unit" which should
- be respected in returning a partial content. For example, a text message
- should include enough text to capture at least the first paragraph. A fax
- content should include sufficient information to print the cover page. A
- audio segment should contain enough data for several seconds of play time.
- Each of these units varies in the number of bytes and cannot be implemented
- in a useful manner by arbitrary truncation.
-
- It is recommended that a gateway return full or no content. It should return
- partial content only if it has knowledge of how to truncate that content.
- The following are recommended units for truncation.
-
-
- Multipart/* Return first body part
-
- Image/* Return one page
-
- Audio/* Return 10 seconds
-
- Text/* Return 1 page
-
- 8. Example Delivery Reports
-
- 8.1. Complete Non-Delivery Notification
-
- The following error message was sent to the user 2145551212 on message
- machine HOST1.mycompany.com because the message addressed to 2145551234 does
- not exist on message machine HOST2.mycompany.com. The error message was sent
- by the mail program itself and not on behalf of a particular user and
- therefor has the From: address of "Postmaster". Note that this is not
- relevant to the user.
-
- To: 2145551212@host1.mycompany.com
- From: postmaster@host2.mycompany.com
- Mime-Version: 1.0
- Date: Mon, 3 Fri 93 13:39:31 PDT
- Message-ID: HOST2.mycompany.com-1212121212
- Content-type: Multipart/Delivery-Report; boundary =
- "error-report-boundary"
-
- --error-report-boundary
- content-type: Application/Delivery-Report
-
- Message-Id: host1.mycompany.com-123456789
- Intended-recipient: 2145551234@host2.mycompany.com
- Delivery-Status: Finished
- Message-Not-Delivered: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:39:31 PDT
- MTA-Error-Code: 550 (Invalid mailbox)
-
- --error-report-boundary
- Content-type: Audio/U-Law
- Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
-
- glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
- dflksdlkfIasdrkfpWlqkw3okWlkgf9i345kWlfkg9iugp34k5poi09fg
- jrgoij3o45itj09fiuvdkjgWlakgQ93ijkpokfpgokQ90gQ5tkjpokfgW
- krQgi35oktWldkfbrpouqe5yklm2poTihcvxbQkmstyTi5ryToifnglkj
- dlkgpokpeowrit09IpokporkgwI==
-
- --error-report-boundary--
- 8.2. Example Read Receipt Message
-
- The following delivery report was sent to user 2145551212 on machine
- host1.mycompany.com after the message sent to 2145551234 on machine
- HOST2.mycompany.com was read. No return of content was requested.
-
- To: 2145551212@host1.mycompany.com
- From: 2145551234@host2.mycompany.com
- Message-ID: HOST2.mycompany.com-1212121212
- Mime-Version: 1.0
- Date: Mon, 3 Fri 93 13:39:31 PDT
- Content-type: Application/Delivery-Report
-
- Message-Id: host1.mycompany.com-123456789
- Intended-recipient: 2145551234@host2.mycompany.com
- Delivery-Status: Finished
- Message-Read: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:39:31 PDT
-
-
- 9. Security Considerations
-
- Delivery notifications are only as secure as the mechanism by which they have
- been sent. It is important to note that automatic deletion of an address
- from a mailing list based on delivery reports may provide a mechanism for
- denial-of-service attacks.
-
- 10. Authors Address
-
- Gregory M. Vaudreuil
- Tigon Corporation
- 17060 Dallas Parkway
- Suite 109
- Dallas, Texas 75248-1905
- (214) 733 2722
- GregV@cnri.reston.va.us
-
-
-
-